Snowball-associated ocular injury – An unusual presentation

Background: Snow ball associated ocular injuries are rare. We present the 1st case of a snow ball injury reported in India with symptoms occurring after 10 days. Purpose: To highlight the fact that symptoms can occur many days after the injury. The injuries can cause structural damage to ocular structures and can be permanent. Synopsis: A 25?year?old Asian Indian female presented with increased redness and blurring of vision of a day's duration. She had been playing in the snow and had an apparent injury to the right eye 10 days earlier. She had no symptoms at that point of time. Her uncorrected visual acuity by Snellen’s chart was 20/20 in both the eyes. Intraocular pressure was normal in both the eyes. On evaluation of the right eye she had traumatic anterior uveitis and mydriasis and the left eye was normal. There was no evidence of posterior segment involvement. She was treated with topical steroids and her anterior chamber inflammation improved but she had persistent mydriasis with no effect on her near vision. She was subsequently lost to follow after a month. Highlights: Rare case of ocular injury caused by a hurtling snow ball. Demonstration of anterior chamber inflammation with a video Infrared video imaging of the pupil in bright and dark showing anisocoria worse in bright light. Protective goggles are a must while indulging in these activities.

Novel method of intraoperative liver tumour localisation with indocyanine green and near-infrared imaging

INTRODUCTION@#Fluorescence imaging (FI) with indocyanine green (ICG) is increasingly implemented as an intraoperative navigation tool in hepatobiliary surgery to identify hepatic tumours. This is useful in minimally invasive hepatectomy, where gross inspection and palpation are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and optimal timing of using ICG for tumour localisation in patients undergoing hepatic resection.@*METHODS@#From 2015 to 2018, a prospective multicentre study was conducted to evaluate feasibility and safety of ICG in tumour localisation following preoperative administration of ICG either on Day 0-3 or Day 4-7.@*RESULTS@#Among 32 patients, a total of 46 lesions were resected: 23 were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 12 were colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and 11 were benign lesions. ICG FI identified 38 (82.6%) lesions prior to resection. The majority of HCCs were homogeneous fluorescing lesions (56.6%), while CLRM were homogeneous (41.7%) or rim-enhancing (33.3%). The majority (75.0%) of the lesions not detected by ICG FI were in cirrhotic livers. Most (84.1%) of ICG-positive lesions detected were < 1 cm deep, and half of the lesions ≥ 1 cm in depth were not detected. In cirrhotic patients with malignant lesions, those given ICG on preoperative Day 0-3 and Day 4-7 had detection rates of 66.7% and 91.7%, respectively. There were no adverse events.@*CONCLUSION@#ICG FI is a safe and feasible method to assist tumour localisation in liver surgery. Different tumours appear to display characteristic fluorescent patterns. There may be no disadvantage of administering ICG closer to the operative date if it is more convenient, except in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation secondary to thyroid carcinoma

We present a rare case of a bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP), which occurred secondary to recurrence of carcinoma of thyroid in a 79-year-old gentleman who was initially misdiagnosed to have age related macular degeneration and/or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. In spite of being treated with anti-VEGF injection and photodynamic therapy there was progressive loss of vision. Multimodal imaging like autoflourescence, infrared imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine angiography, and OCT angiography helped us in clinching the final diagnosis.

Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Regenerative Medicine

BACKGROUND: Advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine over the last three decades have made great progress in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies for damaged tissues. However, regenerative medicine is still not the first line of treatment for patients due to limited understanding of the tissue regeneration process. Therefore, it is prerequisite to develop molecular imaging strategies combined with appropriate contrast agents to validate the therapeutic progress of damaged tissues. METHODS: The goal of this review is to discuss the progress in the development of near-infrared (NIR) contrast agents and their biomedical applications for labeling cells and scaffolds, as well as monitoring the treatment progress of native tissue in living organisms. We also discuss the design consideration of NIR contrast agents for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in terms of their physicochemical and optical properties. RESULTS: The use of NIR imaging system and targeted contrast agents can provide high-resolution and high sensitivity imaging to track/monitor the in vivo fate of administered cells, the degradation rate of implanted scaffolds, and the tissue growth and integration of surrounding cells during the therapeutic period. CONCLUSION: NIR fluorescence imaging techniques combined with targeted contrast agents can play a significant role in regenerative medicine by monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of implanted cells and scaffolds which would enhance the development of cell therapies and promote their successful clinical translations.

Multimodal imaging of choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type-1

Choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type-1 are common and are best imaged with near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging. The authors describe swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA) of choroidal nodules. These nodules are seen as hyperflow areas on SSOCTA and correlate well to bright patches on NIR imaging. The utility of multicolor scanning laser imaging in detecting these abnormalities is also described.

Application of Vein Infrared Imaging instrument in the treatment of medical patients with difficulty of vein-detaining needle / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the application of Vein Infrared Imaging instrument in the treatment of medical patients with difficulty of vein-detaining needle. Methods A total of 116 cases of patients with difficulty of vein-detaining needle were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital International Medical Service Department from June 2015 to May 2016. These participants were divided into vein imaging and conventional puncture group by the punctures method, 58 cases in each group. Vein imaging group applied vein imaging device in the whole process of venous indwelling needle, including vascular assessment before operation, real-time imaging and confirmation, the control group used conventional technology in peripheral venous catheter. The success rate of vein-detaining needle, operation time, puncture tube material cost, the incidence rate of venous indwelling needle complications were compared between two groups of patients. Results One-time success rate of vein imaging group reached 72.4% (42/58), puncture success rate reached 93.1% (54/58), higher than in conventional puncture group, which was 48.3% (28/58), 67.2% (39/58),the difference between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=7.061, 10.629,P<0.05). Conventional puncture group 's operation time was (8.4±4.2) min,and puncture tube material cost was(123.37±62.20)yuan;vein imaging group respectively were (3.5±1.2) min, (67.50±24.82) yuan, the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (t=5.410, 4.057, P<0.05). Conventional puncture group's rate of complications was 41.4%(24/58), and vein imaging group was 17.2%(10/58), the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (χ2=8.155,P=0.004). Conclusions Application of vein infrared imaging instrument is a practical, safe and rapid method of vein-detaining needle, which can improve the work efficiency of nurses, and have more advantages in the treatment of patients with difficulty of vein-detaining needle.

Infrared image monitoring of local anesthetic poisoning in rats / Monitorização por imagem infravermelha da intoxicação por anestésico local em ratos

Abstract Background and objectives: To evaluate the thermographic predictive value of local anesthetic poisoning in rats that indicates the early recognition of thermal signs of intoxication and enable the immediate start of advanced life support. Methods: Wistar rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of saline and ropivacaine; they were allocated into pairs, and experiments performed at baseline and experimental times. For thermography, central and peripheral compartment were analyzed, checking the maximum and average differences of temperatures between groups. Thermographic and clinical observations were performed for each experiment, and the times in which the signs of intoxication occurred were recorded. In the thermal analysis, the thermograms corresponding to the times of interest were sought and relevant data sheets extracted for statistical analysis. Results: Basal and experimental: the display of the thermal images at times was possible. It was possible to calculate the heat transfer rate in all cases. At baseline it was possible to see the physiology of microcirculation, characterized by thermal distribution in the craniocaudal direction. It was possible to visualize the pathophysiological changes or thermal dysautonomias caused by intoxication before clinical signs occur, characterized by areas of hyper-radiation, translating autonomic nervous system pathophysiological disorders. In animals poisoned by ropivacaine, there was no statistically significant difference in heat transfer rate at the experimental time. Conclusions: The maximum temperature, medium temperature, and heat transfer rate were different from the statistical point of view between groups at the experimental time, thus confirming the systemic thermographic predictive value.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Estudar o valor preditivo termográfico na intoxicação por anestésico local em ratos que efetue o reconhecimento precoce dos sinais térmicos de intoxicação e possibilite o início imediato do suporte avançado de vida. Método: Ratos Wistar foram submetidos à injeção intraperitoneal de soro fisiológico e ropivacaína, alocados aos pares, e foram feitos experimentos em tempos basal e experimental. Para o estudo termodinâmico foram analisados o compartimento central e o periférico, verificaram-se as diferenças das temperaturas máximas e médias entre os grupos. Foram feitas observações clínicas e termográficas para cada experimento e anotados os tempos em que os sinais de intoxicação ocorriam. Foram buscados na análise termográfica os termogramas correspondentes aos tempos de interesse e extraídas as planilhas de dados correspondentes, para análise estatística. Resultados: Foi possível a visibilização das imagens térmicas nos momentos basal e experimental. Foi possível calcular a taxa de transferência de calor em todos os casos. No momento basal foi possível observar a fisiologia da microcirculação, caracterizada por distribuição térmica no sentido craniocaudal. Foi possível visibilizar as alterações fisiopatológicas ou disautonomias térmicas causadas pela intoxicação antes que os sinais clínicos ocorressem, caracterizadas por áreas de hiperradiação e traduziram perturbações fisiopatológicas do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo. Nos animais intoxicados por ropivacaína houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na taxa de transferência de calor no momento experimental. Conclusões: Constatou-se que a temperatura máxima, a temperatura média e a taxa de transferência de calor foram diferentes do ponto de vista estatístico entre os grupos no momento experimental, o que corrobora o valor preditivo termográfico sistêmico.

Assessment of surface temperatures of buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) raised under tropical conditions using infrared thermography / Avaliação de temperaturas superficiais de touros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) criados em ambiente tropical com uso da termografia infravermelha

This paper aimed to evaluate the surface temperatures of buffalo bulls using infrared thermography, considering four distinct anatomical parts over time, and to correlate surface temperatures and thermal comfort indexes. The humid tropical climate (Kõppen's Afi) was predominant in the research station where the experiment was performed and the trial lasted from April to August. Ten bulls (n=10) were evaluated every 25 days (morning: 6:00-9:00; afternoon: 12:00-15:00) and the parameters assessed were respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and the thermograms of surface temperature for orbital area (ORB), right flank (RF), left flank (LF) and scrotum (SCR). Climatological data was continuously monitored and the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and the Index of Comfort of Benezra (ICB) were calculated. The average values of THI were ≥78, and significant differences between shifts were observed (P<0.05). The ICB ranged from 1.96 to 2.25 and significant differences were observed for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). The averages of surface temperatures were RT=38.2±0.5°C, ORB=36.1±0.8°C, LF=33.5±2.5°C, RF=35.4±1.7ºC and SCR=33.3±1.1°C, which exhibited significant differences for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). Positive correlations were obtained between THI and ORB (0.72), RF (0.77), LF (0.75) and SCR (0.41) (P<0.0001). The maximum temperature of ORB showed the highest correlation with RT (0.58, P<0.0001). Therefore, the surface temperatures are subject to climatic variations and increase throughout the day, due to the variation in thermal comfort indexes, and the maximum ORB temperature was the parameter most related to rectal temperature. Lastly, the results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive and accurate tool to detect the variations in ORB, LF, RF and SCR temperature in buffalo bulls.

O presente trabalho visou avaliar as temperaturas superficiais de diferentes regiões anatômicas de búfalos ao longo do tempo, por meio da termografia infravermelha, e correlacioná-las a índices bioclimatológicos de conforto térmico. O ensaio foi realizado em região de clima tropical úmido (Afi de Kõppen), de abril a agosto. Dez touros (n=10) foram avaliados a cada 25 dias (manhã: seis-nove horas; tarde: 12-15h), quanto à frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e imagens termográficas da órbita ocular (ORB), flanco direito (FLd), flanco esquerdo (FLe) e escroto (ESC). Os dados climatológicos foram ininterruptamente monitorados, e calculados o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) e o índice de conforto de Benezra (ICB). O ITU foi ≥78, com diferença entre turnos (P<0,05). Já o ICB variou de 1,96 a 2,25 e apresentou diferenças ao longo dos meses e entre turnos (P<0,05). As temperaturas observadas foram de TR=38,2±0,5ºC, ORB=36,1±0,8ºC, FLd=33,5±2,5ºC, FLe=35,4±1,7ºC e ESC=33,3±1,1ºC, as quais variaram significativamente ao longo dos meses e entre turnos (P<0,05). O ITU apresentou correlações positivas com ORB (0,72), FLd (0,77), FLe (0,75) e ESC (0,41) (P<0,0001). A temperatura máxima de ORB apresentou a maior correlação com a TR (0,58; P<0,0001). Portanto, as temperaturas superficiais dos animais sofrem interferências das variações climáticas e se elevam ao longo do dia, devido à variação nos índices de conforto térmico; a temperatura máxima de ORB foi o parâmetro mais condicionado à temperatura retal. Também, as oscilações de temperatura de superfície de ORB, FLd, FLe e ESC podem ser aferidas em bubalinos com o uso da termografia infravermelha, de modo preciso e não invasivo.

Biochemical imaging of normal, adenoma, and colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphological correlation by histopathological analysis: preliminary results

Introduction The colorectal cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Histology is considered the gold standard for differential diagnosis. However, it depends on the observer's experience, which can lead to discrepancies and poor results. Spectroscopic imaging by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is a technique that may be able to improve the diagnosis, because it is based on biochemical differences of the structural constituents of tissue. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to explore the use of FTIR imaging technique in normal colon tissue, colorectal adenoma, and adenocarcinoma in order to correlate their morphological structures with their biochemical imaging. Methods Samples were collected from normal (n = 4), adenoma (n = 4), and adenocarcinoma human colorectal tissue (n = 4) from patients undergoing colonoscopy or surgical resection of colon lesions. The samples were sectioned with a cryostat in sequential sections; the first slice was placed on CaF2 slide and the second slice was placed on glass slide for histological analysis (HE staining). The cluster analyses were performed by the software Cytospec (1.4.02)®. Results In normal samples, biochemical analysis classified six different structures, namely the lamina propria of mucous glands (epithelial cells and goblet cells), central lumen of the gland, mucin, and conjunctive tissue. In samples with adenoma and adenocarcinoma, altered regions could also be identified with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate the potential and viability of using infrared spectroscopy to identify and classify colorectal tissues.

Design of medical infrared real-time imaging system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a novel medical infrared real-time imaging system based on uncooled focal plane assembly(UFPA).Methods The hardware includes optics,infrared detector,thermal image acquisition & pre-treatment circuit and portable computer.The software includes original image data acquisition and correction module,image real-time treatment and display module,pseudo-color treatment module and image storage and off-line analysis module.Two points revising method was proposed aiming at the unevenness of pixel.Results Dispensing with refrigeration,the resolution of medical infrared real-time imaging system was 0.1℃.The measuring temperature ranged from-20℃ to 100℃ with ambient temperature ranging from 0℃～40℃.The real-time imaging speed was 25 frame/s.Conclusion The medical infrared real-time imaging system can form infrared image in real-time,which meets the requirement of clinical application.

Progress of medical imaging technology / 医疗卫生装备

In recent years,the medical imaging technology has developed rapidly.New imaging methods are unceasingly emerging,and the existed imaging modes have been continuously improved.The trends of medical imaging technology have developed from two-dimension imaging to three-dimension imaging,from localized imaging to whole-body imaging,from static imaging to dynamic imaging and from structure to function.This thesis introduces the new imaging methods,such as Molecular Imaging,Near Infrared Imaging and so on.

The fNIRI Study on Regional Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Changes during Cognition Tasks of Chinese Dyslexic Children / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the regional cerebral blood oxygenation changes of left prefrontal lobe during dyslexic children recognizing Chinese characters. Methods:We use functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) technique to observe 28 dyslexic elementary school students and 19 healthy students who are not reading-impaired.Results:With fNIRI, significant activations were observed in the left prefrontal cortex of both dyslexic children and non-dyslexic children during primary processing of Chinese characters, and children with dyslexia were evoked more significantly ( P